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是时候评估你的独立承包商的分类了

是时候评估你的独立承包商的分类了

January 15, 2024 – The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) recently issued a final rule, effective March 11, 2024, 根据《优德app下载》(FLSA),重塑了其对区分雇员和独立承包商的指导,. This update replaces the 2021 Independent Contractor 规则,并引入一种更符合长期司法先例的分析.

而最终规则的一个目标是继续帮助确保工人获得适当的最低工资, overtime pay, and other protections that they may be entitled to, 该规定的主要目的是帮助雇主减少对独立承包商进行错误分类的风险,并避免因此而受到罚款和处罚.

How is the final rule different from the previous rule?

最终规则取代了2021年《优德app下载》的指导,采用了一种更符合联邦法院确定雇员分类的方法,并在以下方面有所不同:

  • Returns to a totality-of-the-circumstances economic reality test, 没有一个因素或一组因素被赋予任何预定的权重.
  • 考虑六个因素,包括工人和潜在雇主的投资.
  • Provides additional analysis of the control factor, including a detailed discussion of how scheduling, supervision, price-setting, 在分析对工人的控制的性质和程度时,应该考虑为他人工作的能力.
  • 回到劳工部长期以来考虑的工作是否是雇主业务的组成部分(而不是它是否完全是“综合生产单位”的一部分)。.
  • Provides additional context to some factors, 包括在持久性因素背景下的排他性和在技能因素背景下的主动性的讨论.
  • 省略了2021年《优德app下载》中的一项规定,该规定将雇主保留但未行使的控制工人的权利的相关性降至最低.

决定独立承包商分类的因素是什么?

To analyze if a worker is an independent contractor or employee, 最终规则考虑了以下列出的经济现实测试的六个因素(扩展的细节和具体的例子可以在 Department of Labor website). However, 除了下面列出的因素外,其他因素可能与确定工人是否在经济上依赖雇主有关.

In addition, The final rule does not adopt an “ABC” test, 哪一种情况下,只有在三因素检验中的三个因素都满足时,才允许独立的承包商关系. 取而代之的是,DOL将依赖于法院长期使用的多因素“经济现实”测试,以确定工人是雇员还是独立承包商. 这个测试依赖于环境的整体,没有一个因素是决定性的.

  1. Opportunity for Profit or Loss Depending on Managerial Skill -工人是否有机会获利或亏损基于管理技能,影响工人的经济成功或失败? 管理技能可以包括主动性、业务专长或判断力.
  2. Investments by the Worker and the Potential Employer -是工人资本或企业性质的投资?
  3. Degree of Permanence of the Work Relationship - Is the work relationship indefinite in duration, continuous, or exclusive of work for other employers? That would weigh in favor of the worker being an employee. Is the work relationship indefinite in duration, non-exclusive, project-based, 或者是零星的,基于工人自己做生意,向多个企业推销他们的服务或劳动力? 这将有利于工人成为一个独立的承包商.
  4. Nature and Degree of Control - Does the potential employer have control, 包括对工作表现和工作关系的经济方面的保留控制? 保留控制权是指雇主即使没有实际行使控制权,也有权行使控制权. 保留控制的一个例子是,如果雇主保留对拒绝任务的员工进行纪律处分的权利.
  5. 所执行的工作在多大程度上是潜在雇主业务的组成部分- 所从事的工作是否是潜在雇主业务的组成部分?
  6. Skill and Initiative - 工人是否使用专门的技能来执行工作,这些技能是否有助于业务式的主动性?

How does the new rule impact the analysis under other laws?

最终规则只修改了美国劳工部在FLSA下的解释. It has no effect on other laws—federal, state, or local—that use different standards for employee classification. For example, 最终规则对那些使用“ABC”测试来确定分类的州工资和工时法没有影响——在大多数情况下,这些法律被认为是更为严格的文本,因为举证责任落在了雇主身上, and the default classification of workers is set as an employee. States that use the more stringent test include AK, AR, CA, CT, DE, GA, HI, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, OH, OR, RI, TN, UT, VT, WA, and WV.

In these states, 工人只有在满足以下所有因素时,才被视为独立承包商:

  1. 根据合同,工人对工作表现有完全的控制权.
  2. 这项工作是在雇用实体的通常业务范围之外进行的.
  3. 工人有一个独立的业务,习惯上经营的类型 work being contracted. 

Questions?

如果你对劳工部关于工人分类的最终规定有任何疑问, you can get in touch with a Redpath and Company advisor, or you can visit the Department of Labor website for more information.

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